EFECTO DEL ENCUADRE SOBRE EL DESCUENTO TEMPORAL EN JÓVENES QUE CONSUMEN ALCOHOL: ANÁLISIS DEL DOMINIO

Jorge Luis Valenzuela-Reyes; Hugo Eduardo Reyes Huerta; Cristiano Valerio dos Santos; Marina Liliana González Torres

doi:10.21134/haaj.v22i1.616

Autores/as

Jorge Luis Valenzuela-Reyes Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-3870
Hugo Eduardo Reyes Huerta CONACYT - Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0359-7899
Cristiano Valerio dos Santos Universidad de Guadalajara
Marina Liliana González Torres Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-6274

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v22i1.616

Palabras clave:

Descuento por Demora, Efecto de Encuadre, Cero Escondido, Dominio, Salud.

Resumen

Favorecer la preferencia por beneficios futuros se ha logrado al hacer explícito que los resultados de una elección implican no recibir la alternativa no elegida, hallazgo denominado efecto del cero escondido. Objetivo. El presente estudio evaluó la generalidad del efecto en tareas de descuento por demora en dos dominios (i.e., monetario y salud) con participantes que reportaron consumo de alcohol. Método. Los participantes fueron expuestos a dos tipos de tareas, una con el cero implícito y otra con el cero explícito, esto en ambos dominios y empleando dos recompensas de distinta magnitud. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron una tendencia en la que el grado de descuento incrementa en función del consumo de alcohol, al menos para el caso de consecuencias monetarias. Además, se replicó el efecto del cero escondido y el efecto de magnitud independientemente del nivel de consumo de alcohol en tareas monetarias. No obstante, ninguno de estos efectos se observó en el dominio de salud con el procedimiento empleado. Adicionalmente, no se observó una asociación sistemática de la tasa de descuento con las consecuencias negativas vinculadas al consumo de alcohol. Conclusiones. Hacer explícito el costo de oportunidad resulta en una disminución de la tasa de descuento de recompensas monetarias, pero se requiere mayor investigación para precisar la ausencia del efecto en situaciones que involucran decisiones sobre la salud.

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Citas

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